Report

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Global Champagne Market Size, Share & COVID-19 Impact Analysis, By Product (Prestige Cuvée, Blanc De Noirs, Blanc De Blancs, Rosé Champagne, and Others), By Distribution Channel (Supermarkets/Hypermarkets, Specialty Stores, and Online Stores), By Grade Type (Pinot Meunier, Pinot Noir, and Chardonnay), By Flavour (Fruity, and Brut), By Price Point (Economy, Mid-range, and Luxury), and Regional Forecasts, 2023-2030

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The global champagne market size was valued at USD 7.2 billion in 2022. The market is projected to grow from USD 7.2 billion in 2022 to USD 9.7 billion by 2030, exhibiting a CAGR of 5.10% during the forecast period.
 
The main elements promoting the expansion of the champagne market are the accessibility of many champagne tastes and rising expenditure by hotels, airline services, and other businesses to maintain champagne of various flavours. Other significant factors that influence the growth of the champagne industry include the increasing use of champagne in various cocktails and cuisines. The market value of champagne will continue to increase due to shifting customer tastes and preferences as well as rising acceptance of alcohol consumption in consumer culture. The high price of champagne and the fluctuating cost of raw materials, however, will be a significant obstacle to the expansion of the champagne market.
 
RECESSION IMPACT

The champagne market will be severely impacted by the recession. Even though price inflation is expected to fall in 2023, an increase in interest rates would almost certainly cause economic growth to slow significantly. Other factors that contribute to inflation include the partial reversal of globalisation, labour shortages in many Western countries, which raise the cost of manufacturing, and the transition to a shared economy in response to our species' greatest threat.
 
DRIVING FACTORS

Rising demand from emerging markets will drive market growth

In emerging markets, Champagne already sees a substantial market opportunity. Growth in emerging markets is anticipated to be fueled by increased alcohol acceptance and rising demand for little amounts on special occasions. Non-religious acceptance of alcohol is correlated with a booming nightlife and a peer-approval-driven culture. Additionally, younger kids are catching on to a way of life thanks to the increased use of social media. Peer connections and information sharing are also developing among young people who haven't had much contact with alcoholic beverages. The expansion of the worldwide champagne market is therefore anticipated to benefit greatly from this during the time of forecasting.
 
RESTRAINING FACTORS

High Cost of Champagne to Limit Market Growth

Champagne is typically seen as a luxury good, and as such, it can be costly in comparison to other kinds of wines. Champagne's high price an important market restraint at times. Limited production, high production costs, marketing and branding, and quality control all contribute to champagne's premium price. In order to preserve quality and authenticity, champagne is made in a tiny region of France under rigorous regulations. Because of supply and demand, there is a finite amount of champagne that can be made each year, which raises the price. Furthermore, champagne production requires a lot of labour, and France has a rather high cost of living. Additionally, the champagne grapes are often hand-picked, which is an expensive and time-consuming operation. Champagne is traditionally made through a secondary fermentation in the bottle, which is a time-consuming and expensive process.
 
SEGMENTATION

By Product

Champagne Market By Product
Based on product, the champagne market is segmented into prestige cuvée, blanc de noirs, blanc de blancs, rosé champagne, and others. The blanc de blancs category dominated the market in 2022. The "essence of champagne" is this product category, which is made solely of chardonnay. It enjoys a high level of consumer favourability because of its great natural acidity and unusual minerality. Because of this union, it has a chance to mature healthily. Also, a wide range of foods can be paired with it, including shellfish, turbot, sea bass, and even aged cheese with strong characteristics. The most popular variants are Chartogne-Taillet Heurtebises, Krug Clos du Mesnil, Taittinger Comtes de Champagne Blanc de Blancs, Palmer & Co. Blanc de Blancs, and Pol Roger Blanc de Blancs. fuelling the segmental growth during the anticipated timeframe.
 
By Distribution Channel

Based on distribution channel, the champagne market is segmented into supermarkets/hypermarkets, specialty stores, and online stores. The supermarkets/hypermarkets category dominated the market in 2022. due to the strong market visibility of liquor stores as a significant source of consumer purchases. It is more profitable to purchase a bottle from a store rather than a pub because the price is lower. To ensure maximum sales, store owners have been abiding by various laws and customer needs.
 
By Grade Type

Based on grade type, the champagne market is segmented into pinot meunier, pinot noir, and chardonnay. The pinot noir category dominated the market in 2022. Pinot Noir Champagne, commonly referred to as Blanc de Noirs Champagne, is a variety of Champagne produced solely from Pinot Noir grapes or from a combination of Pinot Noir and Pinot Meunier grapes. Together with Chardonnay and Pinot Meunier, there are three main grape varietals utilised to make Champagne. The conventional process is usually used to create Pinot Noir Champagne, giving the wine its distinctive bubbles through a secondary fermentation in the bottle.
 
By Flavor

Based on flavor, the champagne market is segmented into fruity, and brut. The fruity category dominated the market in 2022. Champagne with a strong fruit flavour is referred to as having a fruity flavour, and is frequently distinguished by notes of citrus, orchard fruits, berries, or tropical fruits. Champagne's fruitiness might be attributed to the winemaking technique, the terroir, or the grape varieties employed. For instance, champagne made from Chardonnay grapes may taste of green apple, pear, and lemon, whereas champagne made from Pinot Noir grapes may taste of red berries, such as strawberry or raspberry. Peach and apricot flavours are common in champagne made from Pinot Meunier grapes.
 
By Price Point

Based on price point, the champagne market is segmented into economy, mid-range, and luxury. The economy settings category dominated the market in 2022. Growth in the industry has been aided by a rise in the consumption of reasonably priced champagne on special occasions among the middle-class and higher middle-class populations of developing nations.
 
REGIONAL INSIGHTS

Champagne Market By Region 
Europe is projected to hold the largest share of the champagne market over the forecast period. Due to the strong levels of product acceptance among customers in the United Kingdom, France, Belgium, and Germany, the region is anticipated to maintain its dominance in the foreseeable future. Additionally, the legalisation of online alcohol delivery in a number of nations, including the U.K. and Germany, has made the product easier to access and purchase. Trade associations, like the Comité Champagne, have been making an effort to advance the interests, economic development, and oversight of both winegrowers and the businesses that buy and market the wine. On the other hand, the Asia Pacific champagne market is anticipated to grow significantly. This growth rate is linked to expanding product consumption in nations like Australia, Japan, China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, which is propelled by changing lifestyles, an increase in disposable income, pop culture's influence, and the accessibility of more foreign brands. The popularity of large-scale social and business events has also increased product demand.
 
LIST OF KEY COMPANIES PROFILED:
  • LANSON-BCC
  • Champagne GH Martel & Co
  • Taittinger
  • Moet Hennessy USA, Inc
  • Vranken - Pommery Monopole
  • Pernod Ricard
  • Louis Roederer
  • Veuve Clicquot
  • Pommery
  • Piper-Heidsieck
  • Andre Champagne Cellars
  • Alumiceal
  • Centre Vinicole – Champagne Nicolas Feuillatte
  • G.H. Mumm et Cie
  • Bollinger
  • Artwinery
Recent Development-
  • In February 2022, The champagne "Cristal" by Champagne Louis Roederer was released in 2014 vintage form, with a dosage of 7 g per l and a retail price (in the UK) of around USD 331.98 for a 75 cl bottle.
REPORT SCOPE AND SEGMENTATION
 
Attributes Details
Market Size in 2022 USD 7.2 Billion
Market Forecast in 2030 USD 9.7 Billion
Compound Annual Growth Rate 5.10 %
Unit Revenue (USD Million) and Volume (Kilo Tons)
Segmentation By Product, By Distribution Channel, By Grade Type, By Flavor, By Price Point and By Geography
By Product
  • Prestige Cuvée
  • Blanc De Noirs
  • Blanc De Blancs
  • Rosé Champagne
  • Others
By Distribution Channel
  • Supermarkets/Hypermarkets
  • Specialty Stores
  • Online Stores
By Grade Type
  • Pinot Meunier
  • Pinot Noir
  • Chardonnay
By Flavor
  • Fruity
  • Brut
By Price Point
  • Economy
  • Mid-range
  • Luxury
By Region
  • North America: U.S and Canada
  • Europe: Germany, Italy, Russia, U.K, Spain, France, Rest of Europe
  • APAC: China, Australia, Japan, India, South Korea, South East Asia, Rest of Asia Pacific
  • Latin America: Brazil, Argentina, Chile
  • The Middle East And Africa: South Africa, GCC, Rest of MEA
Base Year 2022
Historical Year 2016-2021
Forecast Year 2023-2030
Chapter 1    Preface

    1.1    Report Scope and Description
        1.1.1    Study Purpose
        1.1.2    Target Audience
        1.1.3    USP and Key Offerings
    1.2    Key Benefits for Stakeholders
    1.3    Report Scope

Chapter 2    Report Summary

    2.1    Key Findings
        2.1.1    Top Investment Pockets
    2.2    Market Snapshot: Global Champagne Market
    2.3    Global Champagne Market, 2018 – 2028 (US$ Mn)

Chapter 3    COVID 19 Impact Analysis

    3.1    Impact Assessment of COVID-19 Pandemic, By Region
        3.1.1    North America: Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic
        3.1.2    Europe: Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic
        3.1.3    Asia pacific: Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic
        3.1.4    Latin America: Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic
        3.1.5    Middle-East and Africa: Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic
    3.2    Key Strategies Undertaken by Companies to Tackle COVID-19
    3.3    Quarterly Market Revenue by Region 2021 & 2022
    3.4    Pre COVID-19 Market Revenue, By Region, 2016-2019        (USD Million)
    3.5    Post COVID-19 Market Revenue, By Region, 2020-2028 (USD Million)
    3.6    Short Term Dynamics
    3.7    Long Term Dynamics

Chapter 4    Global Champagne Market, By Product Segment Analysis

    4.1    Champagne Market Overview, By Product Segment
        4.1.1    Global Champagne Market Revenue Share, By Product, 2022 & 2028 (Value, %)
    4.2    Prestige Cuvée
        4.2.1    Champagne Share Forecast, By Region (USD Million)
        4.2.2    Comparative Revenue Analysis, By Country, 2021 & 2028
        4.2.3    Key Market Trends, Growth Factors, & Opportunities
    4.3    Blanc De Noirs
        4.3.1    Champagne Share Forecast, By Region (USD Million)
        4.3.2    Comparative Revenue Analysis, By Country, 2021 & 2028
        4.3.3    Key Market Trends, Growth Factors, & Opportunities
    4.4    Blanc De Blancs
        4.4.1    Champagne Share Forecast, By Region (USD Million)
        4.4.2    Comparative Revenue Analysis, By Country, 2021 & 2028
        4.4.3    Key Market Trends, Growth Factors, & Opportunities
    4.5    Rosé Champagne
        4.5.1    Champagne Share Forecast, By Region (USD Million)
        4.5.2    Comparative Revenue Analysis, By Country, 2021 & 2028
        4.5.3    Key Market Trends, Growth Factors, & Opportunities
    4.6    Others
        4.6.1    Champagne Share Forecast, By Region (USD Million)
        4.6.2    Comparative Revenue Analysis, By Country, 2021 & 2028
        4.6.3    Key Market Trends, Growth Factors, & Opportunities
        
Chapter 5    Global Champagne Market, By Distribution Channel Segment Analysis

    5.1    Champagne Market Overview, By Distribution Channel Segment
        5.1.1    Global Champagne Market Revenue Share, By Distribution Channel, 2022 & 2028 (Value, %)
    5.2    Supermarkets/Hypermarkets
        5.2.1    Champagne Share Forecast, By Region (USD Million)
        5.2.2    Comparative Revenue Analysis, By Country, 2022 & 2028
        5.2.3    Key Market Trends, Growth Factors, & Opportunities
    5.3    Specialty Stores
        5.3.1    Champagne Share Forecast, By Region (USD Million)
        5.3.2    Comparative Revenue Analysis, By Country, 2022 & 2028
        5.3.3    Key Market Trends, Growth Factors, & Opportunities
    5.4    Online Stores
        5.4.1    Champagne Share Forecast, By Region (USD Million)
        5.4.2    Comparative Revenue Analysis, By Country, 2022 & 2028
        5.4.3    Key Market Trends, Growth Factors, & Opportunities
        
Chapter 6    Global Champagne Market, By Grade Type Segment Analysis

    6.1    Champagne Market Overview, By Grade Type Segment
        6.1.1    Global Champagne Market Value Share, By Grade Type, 2021 & 2028 (Value, %)
    6.2    Pinot Meunier
        6.2.1    Champagne Share Forecast, By Region (USD Million)
        6.2.2    Comparative Revenue Analysis, By Country, 2022 & 2028
        6.2.3    Key Market Trends, Growth Factors, & Opportunities
    6.3    Pinot Noir
        6.3.1    Champagne Share Forecast, By Region (USD Million)
        6.3.2    Comparative Revenue Analysis, By Country, 2022 & 2028
        6.3.3    Key Market Trends, Growth Factors, & Opportunities
    6.4    Chardonnay
        6.4.1    Champagne Share Forecast, By Region (USD Million)
        6.4.2    Comparative Revenue Analysis, By Country, 2022 & 2028
        6.4.3    Key Market Trends, Growth Factors, & Opportunities
        
Chapter 7    Global Champagne Market, By Flavor Segment Analysis

    7.1    Champagne Market Overview, By Flavor Segment
        7.1.1    Global Champagne Market Revenue Share, By Flavor, 2022 & 2028 (Value, %)
    7.2    Fruity
        7.2.1    Champagne Share Forecast, By Region (USD Million)
        7.2.2    Comparative Revenue Analysis, By Country, 2021 & 2028
        7.2.3    Key Market Trends, Growth Factors, & Opportunities
    7.3    Brut
        7.3.1    Champagne Share Forecast, By Region (USD Million)
        7.3.2    Comparative Revenue Analysis, By Country, 2021 & 2028
        7.3.3    Key Market Trends, Growth Factors, & Opportunities
        
Chapter 8    Global Champagne Market, By Price Point Segment Analysis

    8.1    Champagne Market Overview, By Price Point Segment
        8.1.1    Global Champagne Market Revenue Share, By Price Point, 2022 & 2028 (Value, %)
    8.2    Economy
        8.2.1    Champagne Share Forecast, By Region (USD Million)
        8.2.2    Comparative Revenue Analysis, By Country, 2021 & 2028
        8.2.3    Key Market Trends, Growth Factors, & Opportunities
    8.3    Mid-range
        8.3.1    Champagne Share Forecast, By Region (USD Million)
        8.3.2    Comparative Revenue Analysis, By Country, 2021 & 2028
        8.3.3    Key Market Trends, Growth Factors, & Opportunities
    8.3    Luxury
        8.3.1    Champagne Share Forecast, By Region (USD Million)
        8.3.2    Comparative Revenue Analysis, By Country, 2021 & 2028
        8.3.3    Key Market Trends, Growth Factors, & Opportunities
        
Chapter 9    Champagne Market – Regional Analysis, 2022 – 2028

    9.1    Champagne market Overview, by Region Segment
        9.1.1    Global Champagne market Revenue Share, By Region, 2022 & 2028
        9.1.2    Global Champagne Market Revenue, By Region, 2017 – 2028 (US$ Mn)
        9.1.3    Global Champagne market Revenue, By Product, 2017 – 2028 (US$ Mn)
        9.1.4    Global Champagne market Revenue, By Distribution Channel, 2017 – 2028 (US$ Mn)
        9.1.5    Global Champagne Market Revenue, By Grade Type, 2017 – 2028 (US$ Mn)
        9.1.6    Global Champagne Market Revenue, By Flavor, 2017 – 2028 (US$ Mn)
        9.1.7    Global Champagne Market Revenue, By Price Point, 2017 – 2028 (US$ Mn)
    9.2    North America
        9.2.1    North America Champagne Market Revenue, By Country, 2018 – 2028 (US$ Mn)
        9.2.2    North America Champagne Market Revenue, By Product, 2018 – 2028 (US$ Mn)/(Kilo Tons)
        9.2.3    North America Champagne Market Revenue, By Distribution Channel, 2018 – 2028 (US$ Mn)/(Kilo Tons)
        9.2.4    North America Champagne Market Revenue, By Grade Type, 2018 – 2028 (US$ Mn)/(Kilo Tons)
        9.2.5    North America Champagne Market Revenue, By Flavor, 2018 – 2028 (US$ Mn)/(Kilo Tons)
        9.2.6    North America Champagne Market Revenue, By Price Point, 2018 – 2028 (US$ Mn)/(Kilo Tons)
        9.2.7    U.S. Champagne Market Revenue, 2018 - 2028 (US$ Mn)/ (Kilo Tons)
        9.2.8    Canada Champagne Market Revenue, 2018 - 2028 (US$ Mn)/ (Kilo Tons)
        9.2.9    Mexico Champagne Market Revenue, 2018 - 2028 (US$ Mn)/ (Kilo Tons)
    9.3    Europe
        9.3.1    Europe Champagne Market Revenue, By Country, 2018 – 2028 (US$ Mn)
        9.3.2    Europe Champagne Market Revenue, By Product, 2018 – 2028 (US$ Mn)/(Kilo Tons)
        9.3.3    Europe Champagne Market Revenue, By Distribution Channel, 2018 – 2028 (US$ Mn)/(Kilo Tons)
        9.3.4    Europe Champagne Market Revenue, By Grade Type Type, 2018 – 2028 (US$ Mn)/(Kilo Tons)
        9.3.5    Europe Champagne Market Revenue, By Flavor, 2018 – 2028 (US$ Mn)/(Kilo Tons)
        9.3.6    Europe Champagne Market Revenue, By Price Point, 2018 – 2028 (US$ Mn)/(Kilo Tons)
        9.3.7    Germany Champagne Market Revenue, 2018 - 2028 (US$ Mn)/ (Kilo Tons)
        9.3.8    France Champagne Market Revenue, 2018 - 2028 (US$ Mn)/ (Kilo Tons)
        9.3.9    U.K. Champagne Market Revenue, 2018 - 2028 (US$ Mn)/ (Kilo Tons)
        9.3.10    Italy Champagne Market Revenue, 2018 - 2028 (US$ Mn)/ (Kilo Tons)
        9.3.11    Spain Champagne Market Revenue, 2018 - 2028 (US$ Mn)/ (Kilo Tons)
        9.3.12    Rest of Europe Champagne Market Revenue, 2018 - 2028 (US$ Mn)/ (Kilo Tons)
    9.4    Asia Pacific
        9.4.1    Asia Pacific Champagne Market Revenue, By Country, 2018 – 2028 (US$ Mn)
        9.4.2    Asia Pacific Champagne Market Revenue, By Product, 2018 – 2028 (US$ Mn)/(Kilo Tons)
        9.4.3    Asia Pacific Champagne Market Revenue, By Distribution Channel, 2018 – 2028 (US$ Mn)/(Kilo Tons)
        9.4.4    Asia Pacific Champagne Market Revenue, By Grade Type Type, 2018 – 2028 (US$ Mn)/(Kilo Tons)
        9.4.5    Asia Pacific Champagne Market Revenue, By Flavor, 2018 – 2028 (US$ Mn)/(Kilo Tons)
        9.4.6    Asia Pacific Champagne Market Revenue, By Price Point, 2018 – 2028 (US$ Mn)/(Kilo Tons)
        9.4.7    China Champagne Market Revenue, 2018 - 2028 (US$ Mn)/ (Kilo Tons)
        9.4.8    Japan Champagne Market Revenue, 2018 - 2028 (US$ Mn)/ (Kilo Tons)
        9.4.9    India Champagne Market Revenue, 2018 - 2028 (US$ Mn)/ (Kilo Tons)
        9.4.10    South Korea Champagne Market Revenue, 2018 - 2028 (US$ Mn)/ (Kilo Tons)
        9.4.11    South-East Asia Champagne Market Revenue, 2018 - 2028 (US$ Mn)/ (Kilo Tons)
        9.4.12    Rest of Asia Pacific Champagne Market Revenue, 2018 - 2028 (US$ Mn)/ (Kilo Tons)
    9.5    Latin America
        9.5.1    Latin America Champagne Market Revenue, By Country, 2018 – 2028 (US$ Mn)
        9.5.2    Latin America Champagne Market Revenue, By Product, 2018 – 2028 (US$ Mn)/(Kilo Tons)
        9.5.3    Latin America Champagne Market Revenue, By Distribution Channel, 2018 – 2028 (US$ Mn)/(Kilo Tons)
        9.5.4    Latin America Champagne Market Revenue, By Grade Type Type, 2018 – 2028 (US$ Mn)/(Kilo Tons)
        9.5.5    Latin America Champagne Market Revenue, By Flavor, 2018 – 2028 (US$ Mn)/(Kilo Tons)
        9.5.6    Latin America Champagne Market Revenue, By Price Point, 2018 – 2028 (US$ Mn)/(Kilo Tons)
        9.5.7    Brazil Champagne Market Revenue, 2018 - 2028 (US$ Mn)/ (Kilo Tons)
        9.5.8    Argentina Champagne Market Revenue, 2018 - 2028 (US$ Mn)/ (Kilo Tons)
        9.5.9    Rest of Latin America Champagne Market Revenue, 2018 - 2028 (US$ Mn)/ (Kilo Tons)
    9.6    The Middle-East and Africa
        9.6.1    The Middle-East and Africa Champagne Market Revenue, By Country, 2018 – 2028 (US$ Mn)
        9.6.2    The Middle-East and Africa Champagne Market Revenue, By Product, 2018 – 2028 (US$ Mn)/(Kilo Tons)
        9.6.3    The Middle-East and Africa Champagne Market Revenue, By Distribution Channel, 2018 – 2028 (US$ Mn)/(Kilo Tons)
        9.6.4    The Middle-East and Africa Champagne Market Revenue, By Grade Type Type, 2018 – 2028 (US$ Mn)/(Kilo Tons)
        9.6.5    The Middle-East and Africa Champagne Market Revenue, By Flavor, 2018 – 2028 (US$ Mn)/(Kilo Tons)
        9.6.6    The Middle-East and Africa Champagne Market Revenue, By Price Point, 2018 – 2028 (US$ Mn)/(Kilo Tons)
        9.6.7    GCC Countries Champagne Market Revenue, 2018 - 2028 (US$ Mn)/ (Kilo Tons)
        9.6.8    South Africa Champagne Market Revenue, 2018 - 2028 (US$ Mn)/ (Kilo Tons)
        9.6.9    Rest of Middle-East Africa Champagne Market Revenue, 2018 - 2028 (US$ Mn)/ (Kilo Tons)

Chapter 10    Champagne Market – Industry Analysis

    10.1    Introduction
    10.2    Market Drivers
        10.2.1    Driving Factor 1 Analysis
        10.2.2    Driving Factor 2 Analysis
    10.3    Market Restraints
        10.3.1    Restraining Factor Analysis
    10.4    Market Opportunities
        10.4.1    Market Opportunity Analysis
    10.5    Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
    10.6    PEST Analysis
    10.7    Regulatory Landscape
    10.8    Technology Landscape
    10.9      Value Chain Analysis

Chapter 11    Competitive Landscape

    11.1    Company Market Share Analysis – 2022
        11.1.1    Global Champagne market: Company Market Share, 2022
        11.1.2    Global Champagne Market: Company Market Share, 2022
    11.2    Strategic Developments
        11.2.1    Acquisitions & Mergers
        11.2.2    New Product Launch
        11.2.3    Regional Expansion
    11.3    Company Strategic Developments – Heat Map Analysis

Chapter 12    Company Profiles

    12.1    LANSON-BCC
        12.1.1    Company Overview
        12.1.2    Key Executives
        12.1.3    Product Portfolio
        12.1.4    Financial Overview
        12.1.5    Operating Business Segments
        12.1.6    Business Segment Performance
        12.1.7    Recent Developments
    12.2    Champagne GH Martel & Co
    12.3    Taittinger
    12.4    Moet Hennessy USA, Inc
    12.5    Vranken - Pommery Monopole
    12.6    Pernod Ricard
    12.7    Louis Roederer
    12.8    Veuve Clicquot
    12.9    Pommery
    12.10    Piper-Heidsieck
    12.11    Andre Champagne Cellars
    12.12    Alumiceal
    12.13    Centre Vinicole – Champagne Nicolas Feuillatte
    12.14    G.H. Mumm et Cie
    12.15    Bollinger
    12.16    Artwinery

Chapter 13    Research Methodology

    13.1    Research Methodology
    13.2    Phase I – Secondary Research
    13.3    Phase II - Data Modeling
        13.3.1    Company Share Analysis Model
        13.3.2    Revenue Based Modelling
    13.4    Phase III – Primary Research
    13.5    Research Limitations
        13.5.1    Assumptions
No Methodology
No Available